Command:   elle  ELLE Looks Like Emacs
     Syntax:    elle file [file2]
     Flags:     (none)
     Example:   elle file.c              # Start the editor

     ELLE (ELLE Looks Like Emacs) is an Emacs  clone  for  MINIX.
     ELLE  is  not full Emacs but it has about 80 commands and is
     quite fast.


     Key bindings


     Mined only has a small number of commands.  All of them  are
     either  of  the  form  CTRL-x  or are on the numeric keypad.
     Emacs, in contrast, has so many commands, that not only  are
     all  the  CTRL-x  commands used up, but so are all the ESC x
     (escape followed by x; escape is not a shift character, like
     CTRL).  Even this is not enough, so CTRL-X is used as a pre-
     fix for additional commands.  Thus CTRL-X CTRL-L is  a  com-
     mand,  and so is CTRL-X K.  Note that what is conventionally
     written as CTRL-X K really means CTRL-X k.  In some contexts
     it  is  traditional to write CTRL-X as ^X.  Please note that
     they mean the same thing.

     As a result, many Emacs commands  need  three  or  four  key
     strokes  to  execute.   Some people think 3-4 key strokes is
     too many.  For this reason, Emacs and ELLE  allow  users  to
     assign  their  own  key bindings.  In ELLE this is done with
     'user profiles.'  A user profile is  a  file  listing  which
     function  is  invoked by which key stroke.  The user profile
     is then compiled by a program called ellec into binary form.
     When  ELLE  starts up it checks to see if a file .ellepro.b1
     exists in $HOME.  If it does, this file is read in and over-
     rides the default bindings.

     A user profile that simulates the mined commands fairly well
     is  provided.  Its  installation is described later.  If you
     have never used Emacs, it is  suggested  that  you  use  the
     mined  profile.  If  you  normally  use  Emacs,  then do not
     install the mined profile.  You can also make your own using
     ellec.  There is no Mock Lisp.

     ELLE has a character-oriented view of the world, not a  line
     oriented  view,  like  ed. It does not have magic characters
     for searching.  However, you can use  line  feed  in  search
     patterns.  For  example,  to  find  a line consisting of the
     three characters 'foo' all by themselves on  a  line,  using
     the  mined  bindings  (see  below),  use the pattern: CTRL-\
     CTRL-J f o o CTRL-\ CTRL-J.  The  CTRL- means  to  interpret
     the  next  character  literally,  in this case it is CTRL-J,
     which is line  feed.   You  can  also  search  for  patterns
     involving  multiple lines.  For example, to find a line end-
     ing in an 'x' followed by a line beginning with a  'y',  use
     as pattern: x CTRL- CTRL-J y.

     Mined Key Bindings

     These are the key  bindings  if  the  binary  user  profile,
     .ellepro.b1, is installed in $HOME.  The ESCAPE key followed
     by a number followed by a command causes that command to  be
     executed 'number' times.  This applies both to control char-
     acters and insertable characters.  CTRL-X refers to a  'con-
     trol  character.'   ESC x refers to an escape character fol-
     lowed by x.  In other words, ^X is a synonym for CTRL-X.  ^X
     Y refers to CTRL-X followed by y.  To abort the current com-
     mand and go back to the main loop of the editor, type  CTRL-
     G, rather than CTRL-\.

     Only a few commands are of the form CTRL-X Y.  All of  these
     are  also  bound to CTRL-X CTRL-Y, so you can hold down CTRL
     and then hit X Y, or release control after  the  X,  as  you
     prefer.

     The key bindings that are not listed  should  not  be  used.
     Some  of  them  actually  do  things.  For example, the ANSI
     escape codes ESC [ x are bound to ^X Y for a variety of y.

     Some commands work on regions.  A region is defined  as  the
     text between the most recently set mark and the cursor.


     Mined Commands


     If the mined profile, .ellepro.b1 is installed in your  home
     directory, the following commands will work.

       CURSOR MOTION
         arrows      Move the cursor in the indicated direction
         CTRL-A      Move cursor to start of current line
         CTRL-Z      Move cursor to end of current line
         CTRL-F      Move cursor forward word
         CTRL-B      Move cursor backward to  start  of  previous
                      word

       SCREEN MOTION
         Home key    Move to first character of the file
         End key     Move to last character of the file
         PgUp key    Scroll window up 22 lines (closer  to  start
                      of the file)
         PgDn key    Scroll window down 22 lines (closer  to  end
                      of the file)
         CTRL-U      Scroll window up 1 line
         CTRL-D      Scroll window down 1 line
         ESC ,       Move to top of screen
         CTRL-_      Move to bottom of screen

       MODIFYING TEXT
         DEL key     Delete the character under the cursor
         Backsp      Delete the character to left of the cursor
         CTRL-N      Delete the next word
         CTRL-P      Delete the previous word
         CTRL-T      Delete tail of  line  (all  characters  from
                      cursor to end of line)
         CTRL-O      Open up the line (insert line feed and  back
                      up)
         ESC G       Get and insert a file at the cursor position
                      (CTRL-G in mined)

       REGIONS
         CTRL-^      Set mark at current position  for  use  with
                      CTRL-C and CTRL-K
         CTRL-C      Copy the text between the mark and the  cur-
                      sor into the buffer
         CTRL-K      Delete text between mark  and  cursor;  also
                      copy it to the buffer
         CTRL-Y      Yank contents of the buffer out  and  insert
                      it at the cursor

       MISCELLANEOUS
         numeric +   Search forward (prompts for expression)
         numeric -   Search backward (prompts for expression)
         CTRL-]      ESC n CTRL-[ goes to line n  (slightly  dif-
                      ferent syntax than mined)
         CTRL-R      Global replace  pattern  with  string  (from
                      cursor to end)
         CTRL-L      Replace  pattern  with  string  within   the
                      current line only
         CTRL-W      Write the edited file back to the disk
         CTRL-S      Fork off a shell (use CTRL-D to get back  to
                      the editor)
         CTRL-G      Abort whatever the editor was doing and wait
                      for command (CTRL-)
         CTRL-E      Redraw screen with cursor line positioned in
                      the middle
         CTRL-V      Visit (edit) a new file
         CTRL-Q      Write buffer to a file
         ESC X       Exit the editor


    Non-Mined Commands

       CURSOR MOTION
         ESC P       Forward paragraph (a  paragraph  is  a  line
                      beginning with a dot)

         ESC ]       Backward paragraph
         ESC .       Indent this line as much as the previous one

       MODIFYING TEXT
         CTRL-\      Insert the next character (used for  insert-
                      ing control characters)
         ESC T       Transpose characters
         ESC W       Transpose words
         ESC =       Delete white space (horizontal space)
         ESC |       Delete blank lines (vertical space)

       REGIONS
         ESC M       Mark current paragraph
         ESC ^       Exchange cursor and mark
         ESC Y       Yank back the next-to-the-last kill  (CTRL-Y
                      yanks the last one)
         ESC A       Append next kill to kill buffer

       KEYBOARD MACROS
         ESC /       Start Keyboard Macro
         ESC \       End Keyboard Macro
         ESC *       View Keyboard Macro (the PrtSc  key  on  the
                      numeric pad is also a *)
         ESC E       Execute Keyboard Macro

       WINDOW MANAGEMENT
         ^X 1        Enter one window mode
         ^X 2        Enter two window mode
         ^X L        Make the current window larger
         ^X P        Make the window more petit/petite (Yes, Vir-
                      ginia, they are English)
         ^X N        Next window
         ^X W        New window

       BUFFER MANAGEMENT
         numeric  5   Display  the  list  of  current  files  and
                      buffers
         ESC B       Select a buffer
         ESC S       Select an existing buffer
         ESC N       Mark a buffer as NOT modified  (even  if  it
                      really is)

       UPPER AND LOW CASE MANIPULATION
         ESC I       Set first character of word to upper case
         ESC C       Capitalize current word
         ESC O       Make  current  word  ordinary  (i.e.,  lower
                      case)
         ESC U       Set entire region between mark and cursor to
                      upper case
         ESC L       Set entire region between mark and cursor to
                      lower case

       MISCELLANEOUS
         ESC F       Find file and read it into its own buffer
         ESC Z       Incremental search
         ESC Q       Like CTRL-R, but queries at each  occurrence
                      (type ? for options)
         ESC R       Reset the user profile from a file
         ESC H       Help (ELLE prompts for the 1 or 2  character
                      command to describe)
         ESC ;       Insert a comment in a C  program  (generates
                      /* */ for you)
         ^X X        Exit the editor (same as ESC  X  and  CTRL-X
                      CTRL-X)

    The major differences between ELLE with the mined profile and
    mined itself are:

      1. The definition of a 'word' is different for forward and backward word
      2. The mark is set with CTRL-^ instead of CTRL-@
      3. Use CTRL-G to abort a command instead of CTRL-\
      4. Use CTRL- to literally insert the next character, instead of ALT
      5. CTRL-E adjusts the window to put the cursor in the middle of it
      6. To get and insert a file, use ESC G instead of CTRL-G
      7. To go to line n, type ESC n CTRL-[ instead of CTRL-[ n
      8. You exit with CTRL-X CTRL-X and then answer the question with 'y'.
      9. There are many new commands, windows, larger files, etc.


   Emacs Key Bindings

     If you do not have the mined profile installed, you get  the
     standard  Emacs  key bindings.  These are listed below. Com-
     mands not listed are not implemented.

       CURSOR MOVEMENT
         CTRL-F      Forward one character.
         CTRL-B      Backward one character.
         CTRL-H      Same as CTRL-B: move backward one character.
         ESC F       Forward one word.
         ESC B       Backward one word.
         CTRL-A      Beginning of current line.
         CTRL-E      End of current line.
         CTRL-N      Next line (goes to the next line).
         CTRL-P      Previous line (goes to the previous line).
         CTRL-V      Beginning of next screenful.
         ESC V       Beginning of previous screenful.
         ESC ]       Forward Paragraph.
         ESC [       Backward Paragraph.
         ESC <       Beginning of whole buffer.
         ESC >       End of whole buffer.

       DELETING
         CTRL-D      Deletes forward one character (the  one  the
                      cursor is under).
         DELETE      Deletes backward one character (the  one  to
                      left of cursor).
         ESC D       Kills forward one word.
         ESC DEL     Kills backward one word.
         CTRL-K      Kills the rest of the line (to the right  of
                      the cursor).
         ESC \       Deletes spaces around the cursor.
         ^X CTRL-O   Deletes blank lines around the cursor.

       CASE CHANGE
         ESC C       Capitalizes  word  :  first  letter  becomes
                      uppercase; rest lower
         ESC L       Makes the whole next word lowercase.
         ESC U       Makes the whole next word uppercase.
         ^X CTRL-L   Makes whole region lowercase.
         ^X CTRL-U   Makes whole region uppercase.

       SEARCHING (If no string is given, previous string is used)
         CTRL-S      Incremental  Search  forward;  prompts   'I-
                      search:'
         CTRL-R      Reverse  Incremental  Search;  prompts   'R-
                      search:'
                      During an incremental search, the following
                      characters have special effects:
                      'normal'  - Begin searching immediately.
                      ^G        - Cancel  I-search,   return   to
                                  start.
                      DEL       - Erase last char, return to last
                                  match.
                      ^S, ^R    - Repeat search (or change direc-
                                  tion).
                      ESC or CR - Exit I-search at current point.

         ESC %       Query Replace. Interactive replace. Type '?'
                      to see options.
         ^X %        Replace String.Like Query Replace,  but  not
                      interactive

       MARKING AREAS
         CTRL-^      Set mark
         ^X CTRL-X   Exchange cursor and mark.
         ESC H       Mark Paragraph. Sets mark and cursor to sur-
                      round a para.
         CTRL-W      Wipe-out -- kills a 'region':
         ESC W       Copy region. Like  CTRL-W  then  CTRL-Y  but
                      modifies buffer
         CTRL-Y      Yanks-back (un-kills) whatever you have most
                      recently killed.
         ESC Y       Yanks-back (un-kills) the next most recently
                      killed text.
         ESC CTRL-W  Append Next  Kill.  Accumulates  stuff  from
                      several kills

       FILLING TEXT
         ESC Q       Fill the paragraph to the size of  the  Fill
                      Column.
         ESC G       Fill the region.
         ^X F        Set Fill Column. ESC Q will  use  this  line
                      size.
         ^X .        Set Fill Prefix. Asks for prefix string
         ^X T        Toggles Auto Fill Mode.

       WINDOWS
         ^X 2        Make two windows (split screen).
         ^X 1        Make one window (delete  window)  (make  one
                      screen).
         ^X O        Go to Other window.
         ^X ^        Grow window: makes current window bigger.

       BUFFERS
         ^X CTRL-F   Find a file and make a buffer for it.
         ^X B        Select Buffer: goes to specified  buffer  or
                      makes new one
         ^X CTRL-B   Show the names of the buffers used  in  this
                      editing session.
         ^X K        Kill Buffer.
         ESC tilde   Say buffer is not modified.
         ^X CTRL-M   Toggle EOL mode (per-buffer flag).

       KEYBOARD MACRO
         ^X (        Start collecting a keyboard macro.
         ^X )        Stop collecting.
         ^X E        Execute the collected macro.
         ^X *        Display the collected macro.

       FILES
         ^X CTRL-I   Insert a file where cursor is.
         ^X CTRL-R   Read a new file into current buffer.
         ^X CTRL-V   Same as ^X ^R above (reads a file).
         ^X CTRL-W   Write buffer out to new file name.
         ^X CTRL-S   Save file: write  out  buffer  to  its  file
                      name.
         ^X CTRL-E   Write region out to new file name.

       MISCELLANEOUS
         ^X CTRL-Z   Exit from ELLE.
         ^X !        Escape to shell (CTRL-D to return)
         CTRL-O      Open up line
         LINEFEED    Same as typing RETURN and TAB.
         CTRL-T      Transposes characters.
         ESC T       Transposes words.
         CTRL-U      Makes the next command happen four times.
         CTRL-U numberMakes  the  next  command  happen  'number'
                      times.
         ESC number  Same as CTRL-U number.
         CTRL-L      Refreshes screen.
         CTRL-U CTRL-LRefresh only the line cursor is on.
         CTRL-U n CTRL-L Change window so the cursor is on line n
         CTRL-Q      Quote: insert the next character  no  matter
                      what it is.
         CTRL-G      Quit: use to avoid answering a question.
         ESC ;       Inserts comment (for writing C programs).
         ESC I       Inserts indentation equal to previous line.
         ESC M       Move to end of this line's indentation.
         CTRL-_      Describe a command (if the command  database
                      is online)

       UNUSED CONTROLS
         CTRL-C      Not used.
         CTRL-Z      Not used.
         CTRL-]      Not used.



    ELLE profile

     It is possible to create your own user profile.  The mechan-
     ism  is  different from Emacs, since ELLE does not have Mock
     Lisp.  Proceed as follows.
       Modify .ellepro.e to suit your taste.
       Install .ellepro.e in your home directory.
       Type:
               ellec Profile
       Check to see if .ellepro.b1 has been  created.   If  it
       has, you are ready to go.


     Author

     ELLE was written by Ken Harrenstien of SRI (klh@sri.com).