NAME

     ps - process status


SYNOPSIS

     ps [[-]alx]


OPTIONS

     -a   Print all processes with controlling terminals

     -l   Give long listing

     -x   Include processes without a terminal


EXAMPLES

     ps                  # Show user's  own  processes  in  short
                         format

     ps -axl             # Print all processes and tasks in  long
                         format

     ps ..xl             # Same -- the '-' is optional


DESCRIPTION

     Ps prints the status of active processes.  Normally only the
     caller's  own processes are listed in short format (the PID,
     TTY, TIME and CMD fields  as  explained  below).   The  long
     listing contains:

       F  Kernel flags:            001: free slot            002:
     no memory map           004: sending;           010: receiv-
     ing           020: inform on pending signals            040:
     pending signals           100: being traced.

       S      State:            R: runnable           W:  waiting
     (on  a  message)           S: sleeping (i.e.,suspended on MM
     or FS)           Z: zombie           T: stopped

       UID, PID, PPID, PGRP      The user, process,  parent  pro-
     cess and process group ID's.

       SZ      Size of the process in kilobytes.

       RECV      Process/task on which  a  receiving  process  is
     waiting or sleeping.

       TTY           Controlling tty for the process.

       TIME      Process' cumulative (user  +  system)  execution
     time.

       CMD     Command line arguments of the process.

     The files /dev/{mem,kmem} are used to read the system tables
     and command line arguments from.  Terminal names in /dev are
     used to generate the mnemonic names in the TTY column, so ps
     is independent of terminal naming conventions.


NOTES

     The '-' option prefix is not required.  For marginal  compa-
     tibility with System V usage, the hidden option -e means the
     same as -ax, and -f is the same as -l.