NAME

     dd - convert and copy a file


SYNOPSIS

     dd [option = value] ...


EXAMPLES

     dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/dev/fd1
                         # Copy disk 0 to disk 1

     dd if=x of=y bs=1w skip=4
                         # Copy x to y, skipping 4 words

     dd if=x of=y count=3
                         # Copy three 512-byte blocks


DESCRIPTION

     This command is intended for  copying  partial  files.   The
     block  size, skip count, and number of blocks to copy can be
     specified.  The options are:

       if = file    - Input file (default is stdin)
       of = file    - Output file (default is standard output)
       ibs = n      - Input block size (default 512 bytes)
       obs = n      - Output block size (default is 512 bytes)
       bs = n       - Block size; sets ibs and  obs  (default  is
     512 bytes)
       skip = n     - Skip n input blocks before reading
       seek = n     - Skip n output blocks before writing
       count = n    - Copy only n input blocks
       conv = lcase - Convert upper case letters to lower case
       conv = ucase - Convert lower case letters to upper case
       conv = swab  - Swap every pair of bytes
       conv = noerror- Ignore errors and just keep going
       conv = silent- Suppress statistics (MINIX 3 specific flag)

     Where sizes are expected, they are in bytes.   However,  the
     letters w, b, or k may be appended to the number to indicate
     words (2 bytes), blocks (512  bytes),  or  K  (1024  bytes),
     respectively.  When dd is finished, it reports the number of
     full and partial blocks read and written.


SEE ALSO

     vol(1).