NAME

     setup - Install MINIX 3 on a hard disk


SYNOPSIS

     setup


DESCRIPTION

     This appendix explains how to  install  MINIX  3.   Standard
     MINIX  3  requires  a  Pentium (or compatible) with at least
     16-MB of RAM, at least 200-MB of free  disk  space,  an  IDE
     CD-ROM and an IDE hard disk. Serial ATA, USB, and SCSI disks
     are not supported at present.  For USB CD-ROMS, see the Web-
     site: www.minix3.org.

     PREPARATION

     If you already have the CD-ROM (e.g., from  the  book),  you
     can   skip   steps  1  and  2,  but  it  is  wise  to  check
     www.minix3.org to see if a newer version is  available.   If
     you  want  to  run MINIX 3 on a simulator instead of native,
     see Part V first.  If you do not have an IDE CD-ROM,  either
     get the special USB CD-ROM boot image or use a simulator.


     Download the MINIX 3 CD-ROM image from the MINIX  3  Website
     at www.minix3.org.


     Decompress the downloaded file.  You will get a CD-ROM image
     file  with extension .iso and this manual.  The .iso file is
     a bit-for-bit CD-ROM image.  Burn it to a CD-ROM to  make  a
     bootable CD-ROM.

     If you are using Easy CD Creator 5, select Record CD from CD
     image  from the File menu and change the file type from .cif
     to .iso in the dialog box that  appears.  Select  the  image
     file and click Open. Then click Start Recording.

     If you are using Nero Express 5, choose Disc Image or  Saved
     Project and change the type to Image Files, select the image
     file and click Open.  Select your CD recorder and  click  on
     Next.

     If you are running Windows and do not have a CD-ROM  burning
     program, take a look at
     alexfeinman.brinkster.net/isorecorder.htm
     for a free one and use it to create a CD image.


     MINIX 3 supports several Ethernet chips for networking  over
     LAN,  ADSL,  and cable. These include Intel Pro/100, RealTek
     8029 and 8139, AMD LANCE, and several  3Com  chips.   During
     setup  you  will  be  asked which Ethernet chip you have, if
     any. Determine that now by looking  at  your  documentation.
     Alternatively,  if  you  are using Windows, go to the device
     manager as follows:

     Windows 2000:
     Start> Settings> Control Panel> System> Hardware> Device Mgr

     Windows XP:
     Start> Control Panel> System> Hardware> Device Mgr

     System requires double clicking; the rest are sin-
     gle.  Expand the + next to Network adapters to see
     what you have. Write it down. If you do not have a
     supported  chip,  you  can  still run MINIX 3, but
     without Ethernet.


     You can boot the computer from your CD-ROM if you  like  and
     MINIX  3  will start, but to do anything useful, you have to
     create a partition for it on your  hard  disk.   But  before
     partitioning,  be  sure  to back up your data to an external
     medium like CD-ROM or DVD as a safety  precaution,  just  in
     case something goes wrong.  Your files are valuable; protect
     them.

     Unless you are sure you are an expert on  disk  partitioning
     with much experience, it is strongly suggested that you read
     the   online    tutorial    on    disk    partitioning    at
     www.minix3.org/doc/partitions.html.  If you already know how
     to manage partitions, create a contiguous chunk of free disk
     space  of at least 200 MB (even better: 400 MB or more).  If
     you do not know how to manage partitions but have  a  parti-
     tioning  program  like  Partition  Magic, use it to create a
     region of free disk space of at least 200 MB. Also make sure
     there  is  at least one primary partition (i.e., Master Boot
     Record slot) free.  The MINIX 3 setup script will guide  you
     through  creating a MINIX partition in the free space, which
     can be on either the first or second IDE disk.

     If you are running Windows 95, 98, ME, or 2000 and your disk
     consists  of  a  single  FAT  partition,  you  can  use  the
     presz134.exe  program  on  the  CD-ROM  (also  available  at
     zeleps.com)  to reduce its size to leave room for MINIX.  In
     all other cases,  please  read  the  online  tutorial  cited
     above.

     WARNING: If you make a mistake during disk partitioning, you
     can  lose all the data on the disk, so be sure to back it up
     to  CD-ROM  or  DVD  before  starting.   Disk   partitioning
     requires great care, so proceed with caution.

     BOOTING

     By now you should have allocated at least  200  MB  of  free
     space  on your disk.  If you have not done so yet, please do
     it now unless there is an existing 200-MB (or larger) parti-
     tion you are willing to convert to MINIX 3.


     Insert the CD-ROM into your CD-ROM drive and boot  the  com-
     puter  from  it.   If  you have 16 MB of RAM or more, choose
     Regular; if you have only 8 MB choose small.   If  the  com-
     puter  boots  from the hard disk instead of the CD-ROM, boot
     again and enter the BIOS setup program to change  the  order
     of boot devices, putting the CD-ROM before the hard disk.


     When the login prompt appears, login as root.  After a  suc-
     cessful  login  as  root, you will see the shell prompt (#).
     At this point you are running fully-operational MINIX 3.  If
     you type:

        ls /usr/bin | more

     you can see what software is available.  Hit space to scroll
     the list. To see what program foo does, type:

        man foo

     The manual pages are also available at
     www.minix3.org/manpages.


     To start the installation of MINIX 3 on the hard disk, type

        setup

     After this and all other commands, be  sure  to  type  ENTER
     (RETURN).  When the installation script ends a screen with a
     colon, hit ENTER to continue. If the  screen  suddenly  goes
     blank,  press  CTRL-F3  to select software scrolling (should
     only be needed on very old computers).  Note  that  CTRL-key
     means  depress the CTRL key and while holding it down, press
     key.

     INSTALLING TO THE HARD DISK

     These steps correspond to the steps on the screen.


     When you are asked to select your national keyboard, do  so.
     This and other steps have a default choice, in square brack-
     ets.  If you agree with it, just hit ENTER. In  most  steps,
     the  default  is generally a good choice for beginners.  The
     us-swap keyboard interchanges the CAPS LOCK and  CTRL  keys,
     as is conventional on UNIX systems.


     You will now be asked which of the available Ethernet driver
     you  want  installed  (or  none).  Please  choose one of the
     options.


     If you are tight on disk space, select M for a minimal  ins-
     tallation  which includes all the binaries but only the sys-
     tem sources installed.  200 MB is enough  for  a  bare-bones
     system. If you have 400 MB or more, choose F for a full ins-
     tallation.


     You will first be asked if you are an expert in MINIX 3 disk
     partitioning.  If so, you will be placed in the part program
     to give you full power to edit the Master Boot  Record  (and
     enough  rope  to  hang yourself).  If you are not an expert,
     press ENTER for the default action, which  is  an  automated
     step-by-step  guide to formatting a disk partition for MINIX
     3.

     Substep 4.1: Select a disk to install MINIX 3

     An IDE controller may have  up  to  four  disks.  The  setup
     script will now look for each one. Just ignore an error mes-
     sages.  When the drives are listed, select one. and  confirm
     your  choice.   If you have two hard disks and you decide to
     install MINIX 3 to the second one and have  trouble  booting
     from  it, please see www.minix3.org/doc/using2disks.html for
     the solution.

     Substep 4.2: Select a disk region

     Now choose a region to install MINIX 3 into. You have  three
     choices:
        (1) Select a free region
        (2) Select a partition to overwrite
        (3) Delete an existing partition to  free  up  space  and
     merge with adjacent free space
     For choices (1) and (2), type the  region  number.  For  (3)
     type

        delete

     then give the region number when asked. This region will  be
     overwritten and its previous contents lost forever.

     Substep 4.3: Confirm your choices
     You have now reached the point of no  return.  You  will  be
     asked  if  you  want to continue. If you do, the data in the
     selected region will be lost  forever.   If  you  are  sure,
     type:

        yes

     and then ENTER. To exit the setup  script  without  changing
     the partition table, hit CTRL-C.


     If you chose an existing MINIX 3 partition, in this step you
     will  be  offered  a  choice  between  a Full install, which
     erases everything in the partition, and a  Reinstall,  which
     does  not  affect your existing /home partition. This design
     means that you can put your  personal  files  on  /home  and
     reinstall  a  newer  version of MINIX 3 when it is available
     without losing your personal files.


     The selected partition will be divided into three  subparti-
     tions:  root,  /usr,  and  /home. The latter is for your own
     personal files. Specify how much of the partition should  be
     set aside for your files.  You will be asked to confirm your
     choice.


     Disk block sizes of 1-KB, 2-KB,  4-KB,  and  8-KB  are  sup-
     ported,  but  to  use  a  size  larger than 4-KB you have to
     change a constant and recompile the system. If  your  memory
     is  16  MB or more, use the default (4 KB); otherwise, use 1
     KB.


     The setup script will now scan each partition for  bad  disk
     blocks.  This will take several minutes, possibly 10 minutes
     or more on a large partition.  Please be  patient.   If  you
     are absolutely certain there are no bad blocks, you can kill
     each scan by hitting CTRL-C.


     When the scan finishes, files will be  automatically  copied
     from  the  CD-ROM  to  the  hard  disk.  Every  file will be
     announced as it is copied. When  the  copying  is  complete,
     MINIX 3 is installed.  Shut the system down by typing

        shutdown

     Always stop MINIX 3 this way to avoid data loss as  MINIX  3
     keeps  some  files on the RAM disk and only copies them back
     to the hard disk at shutdown time.

     TESTING

     This section  tells  you  how  to  test  your  installation,
     rebuild the system after modifying it, and boot it later. To
     start, boot your new MINIX 3 system.  For  example,  if  you
     used controller 0, disk 0, partition 3, type

        boot c0d0p3

     and log in as root. Under very  rare  conditions  the  drive
     number  seen  by the BIOS (and used by the boot monitor) may
     not agree with the one used by MINIX 3, in  which  case  try
     other  drive  numbers.  This is a good time to create a root
     password. See man passwd for help.


     To test MINIX 3, at the command prompt (#) type

        cd /usr/src/test
        make

     and wait until it completes all 40 compilations.  Log out by
     typing CTRL-D,


     To test the system, log in as bin (required) and type

        cd /usr/src/test
        ./run

     to run the test programs. They should all run correctly  but
     they can take 20 min on a fast machine and over an hour on a
     slow one.  Note: It is necessary to compile the  test  suite
     when  running  as root but execute it as bin in order to see
     if the setuid bit works correctly.


     If all the tests work correctly, you  can  now  rebuild  the
     system.   Doing so is not necessary since it comes prebuilt,
     but if you plan to modify the system, you will need to  know
     how to rebuild it.  Besides, rebuilding the system is a good
     test to see if it works. Type:

        cd /usr/src/tools
        make

     to see the various options available. Now make a  new  boot-
     able image by typing

        su
        make clean
        time make image

     You just rebuilt the operating  system,  including  all  the
     kernel and user-mode parts. That did not take very long, did
     it?  If you have a legacy floppy disk drive, you can make  a
     bootable  floppy  for  use  later  by  inserting a formatted
     floppy and typing

        make fdboot

     When you are asked to complete the path, type:

        fd0

     This approach does not  currently  work  with  USB  floppies
     since  there  is  no  MINIX 3 USB floppy disk driver yet. To
     update the boot image currently installed on the hard  disk,
     type

        make hdboot

     To boot the new system, first shut down by typing:

        shutdown

     This command saves certain files  and  returns  you  to  the
     MINIX  3  boot  monitor.   To get a summary of what the boot
     monitor can do, while in it, type:

        help

     For              more              details,              see
     www.minix3.org/manpages/man8/boot.8.html.    You   can   now
     remove any CD-ROM or floppy disk and turn off the computer.


     If you have a legacy floppy disk drive, the simplest way  to
     boot  MINIX 3 is by inserting your new boot floppy and turn-
     ing on the power. It takes only  a  few  seconds.   Alterna-
     tively, boot from the MINIX 3 CD-ROM, login as bin and type:

        shutdown

     to get back to the MINIX 3 boot monitor. Now type:

        boot c0d0p0

     to boot from the operating system image file  on  controller
     0,  driver 0, partition 0.  Of course, if you put MINIX 3 on
     drive 0 partition 1, use:

        boot c0d0p1


     and so on.

     A third possibility for booting is to make the MINIX 3  par-
     tition  the  active one, and use the MINIX 3 boot monitor to
     start MINIX 3 or any other operating  system.   For  details
     see www.minix3.org/manpages/man8/boot.8.html.

     Finally, a fourth option is for you to install  a  multiboot
     loader  such  as  LILO  or GRUB (www.gnu.org/software/grub).
     Then you can boot any of your operating systems easily. Dis-
     cussion  of  multiboot  loaders  is beyond the scope of this
     guide, but there is  some  information  of  the  subject  at
     www.minix3.org/doc.

     USING A SIMULATOR

     A completely different approach to running MINIX 3 is to run
     it  on  top of another operating system instead of native on
     the bare metal. Various virtual  machines,  simulators,  and
     emulators  are  available for this purpose. Some of the most
     popular ones are:

        o VMware (www.vmware.com)
        o Bochs (www.bochs.org)
        o QEMU (www.qemu.org)

     See the documentation for each of them. Running a program on
     a  simulator is similar to running it on the actual machine,
     so you should go back to Part I and acquire the  latest  CD-
     ROM and continue from there.